how websites works

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Technical Problem Cluster First Answered On June 9, 2022 Popularity 1/10 Helpfulness 1/10

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how websites works

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Shallow overview:
1. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) gets resolved
   The URL is first sent to a DNS (Domain Name System) server to be 
   translated to an IP (Internet Protocol) address. The addresses of
   these DNS servers are handled by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
2. The request is sent
   Now a data package is sent to the server identified by the IP address
   via TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol) and HTTPS (Hyper Text
   Transfer Protocol). HTTPS is a standarized protocol for what data to
   include and in which structure. A request for a web page will request
   a HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) file.
3. The server sends a response
   There are 3 ways to create and serve HTML files. The server can store
   and return pre-generated HTML pages (static), generate HTML code based
   on requests (dynamic), or store a single pre-generated HTML file with
   dynamic re-rendering through JavaScript (Single Page Application or 
   SPA). In the end, the response can be anything from a full web page
   to any data, e.g. files, images etc.
4. The browser parses the response
   HTTPS helps the browser handle the response (just like it helped the
   server handle the request) and based on the content-type received, the
   appropriate action is taken. For web pages the browser simply parses
   the HTML code to build the website by generating an in-memory DOM
   (Document Object Model) tree.
5. Page is displayed
   HTML only defines the structure of the web page. Styling is added with
   CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and dynamic content after the page has
   loaded as added with JavaScript. Lastly we have assets such as images,
   music, viedoes, and PDFs. Both CSS, JavaScript and assets are often
   independant files which are requested separately. In addition to the
   DOM tree, the browser also generates an in-memory CSSOM structure from
   the parsed CSS and compiles and executes the parsed JavaScript. As
   this is combined, a visual representation is rendered on the screen.

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Contributed on Jun 09 2022

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40 Answers Avg Quality 6/10

how websites works

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