Aaditya Tandon

Jun 29, 2022

PYTHON BASIC SUMMARY

This WRITEUP is a summary/guide for new interested python learners!

~Written and Made by Abstract

Python is an object-oriented interpreted high-level programming language. It is a general purpose and is used to develop GUI(graphical user interface) and web applications. With python, we can concentrate on the business logic of our codes rather than investing a lot of time in common programming tasks.

Python Use:

-->GUI(graphical user interface)

-->Web Applications-Machine Learning/Data Science Module etc

-->Many other applications as it is the most popular programming language

General Knowledge of Python:

-->Python was created by Guido van Rossum, the intitial codes was published as version 0.9 on 20 February 1991 and it grew up to Version 1 in January 1994.

-->Python was named after tv show called Monty Pythons Flying circus

1st Topic: VARIABLES & DATA TYPES

Variables and data types represent the kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a particular data. Since everything is an object in Python programming, data types are actually classes and variables are instance (object) of these classes.

Assigning Single Values

character_name = "John" 
print(character_name)

Variables-consist of at least some sort of info inside them

print(type(character_name))

Data types-tells us if the output is a string or integer or another form of data type such as the following:

-->Floating Point(decimal)

-->Character

-->String

-->Boolean

-->Enumerated type

-->Array

-->Date

-->integer

character_age = 75 
print(character_age)
print(type(character_age))

is_male = True
print("Hi my name is " + character_name + ", I like to play basketball")
print("I am " + character_age + " years old, but, still enjoy playing this sport.")

charater_name1 = "Mike"
character_age1 = "75"

is_female = False
print("His friend " + charater_name1 + " also enjoys playing basketball")
print("YET! Again he's also " + character_age1 + ".")

Boolean Value

The boolean gives us two paths either true or false, if the password was wrong the computer will return false, however if it is right then the computer will generate true. Below is an example of a boolean:

password = "12345"
confirm_password = "12345"
print(password == confirm_password)

This will return TRUE

password = "12345"
confirm_password = "123451"
print(password == confirm_password)

This will return FALSE

password = "12345"
confirm_password = ""
print(password == confirm_password)

This will show a none value

Assigning Multiple Values

a = b = c = 10
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

This code states that all the values A, B and C will all have the value of 10, as there is an equal to ( = ) sign in between all of them and the given value.

a, b, c = 10,15,20
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

This code will cause all the values A, B and C to all have the values depending on the sequence they are in eg: a=10, b=15 c=20. This is because the values have comas( , ) in between them and are separated by an equal to sign( = ) causing their values to go in order to the sequence.

2nd Topic: STRINGS

Strings is one of the most essentials things to know in python. In Python, strings is an immutable sequence data type. It is the sequence of Unicode characters wrapped inside single, double, or triple quotes.

print("\n") 
print("\"")

The 1st line of code runs a new line below the code

The 2nd line of code is another simple command that runs a quotation mark

phrase = "What is your good name"
print(phrase + ", my name is Abstract")

This is how to print variables, you can attach them to a line of string or even integers and this method is called concatenation.

Below are the different forms of quotations, mainly used for the same purpose:

text1 = 'sample text'
print(text1)
text2 = "sample text"
print(text2)
text3 = '''sample text'''
print(text3)

If I wanted to write a long line of code I would use a triple quotes as the next following lines will immediately and easily already be in quotes for me.

3rd Topic: THE USE OF FUNCTIONS

Function is a block of code, that can help us do various things, such as the following below:

-->Functions can help us perform a specified operation

-->Functions can also help us modify strings

-->Functions can help us get information about our string

-->ETC

Below are some of the most helpful and crucial functions:

print(phrase.lower())

Turns all alphabets to lowercase

print(phrase.upper())

Turns all alphabets to uppercase

print(phrase.isupper())

Checks if all alphabets are uppercase, same for lowercase

print(phrase.upper().isupper())

We can use these functions one after another too! This comes in handy a lot

print(len(phrase))

Length Function

This counts how many character are in this string

print(phrase[0])

This function, tells us which character is at the chosen position

phrase = "What is your name"

0123456789

W is at position 0

print(phrase.index("W"))
print(phrase.index("What"))

Takes the first index notation

print(phrase.index("z"))

This will give us a value error, because there is no such character in the phrase

Index Function - This function helps to locate the index notation of the character

print(phrase.replace("good", "full"))

This function helps us replace words or even characters, and it is personally one of my favourite functions

4th Topic: WORKING WITH NUMBERS

Number data types store numeric values. They are immutable data types, means that changing the value of a number data type results in a newly allocated object. Number objects are created when you assign a value to them.

BASICS

print(2)

Print a whole number

print(2.123)

Print a decimal number

print(-2)

Print a negative number

Operators - In python you can do all sorts of mathematical sums eg:

print(8+2) #addition (+)

print(8-2) #subtraction (-)

print(8/2) #division (/)

print(8*2) #multiplication (*)

Order of Operations

print(8+2*4) <<--->> print((8+2)*4)

print(124+84*33) <<--->> print((124+84)*33)

Modulus Operator

print(10 % 3) #Give us the remainder

Converting Integers into Strings

my_num = 5
print(my_num)
print("\n")
print(str(my_num) + " is my favourite number")
print("\n")

We do this with the help of the tool (str), which also means string

More Operators

my_num = -5
print(abs(my_num))

abs = absolute value

print(pow(3, 2))

This basically, just gives the power to a number (3^2)

print(max(2077, 2079, 2078))

This function gives us the larger number out of the three chosen, you can also choose more than three numbers, if you wish

print(min(2077, 2079, 2078))

This is the opposite of the (max) function, it choose the lowest number

print(round(4.5678))

This rounds the number either up or down

Math Operators

from math import *

This helps us access more math functions

print(floor(4.5678))

This function rounds down no matter what

print(ceil(4.5678))

This function rounds up no matter what

print(sqrt(36))

This function helps us find the square root of any number

These are just a few common maths functions, there are many other ones too!

5th Topic: LIST FUNCTION

A list is a data structure in Python that is a mutable, or changeable, ordered sequence of elements. Each element or value that is inside of a list is called an item. Just as strings are defined as characters between quotes, lists are defined by having values between square brackets ( [] ).

chocolate_cake = ["eggs","flour","milk","baking soda", "choco powder"]
print(chocolate_cake)

print(chocolate_cake[0])

This allows the first array; eggs to be chosen

print(chocolate_cake[-1])

This allows the last array; choco powder to be chosen

print(chocolate_cake[1:])

This allows all the arrays after the array that is on index notation 1 to be chosen

print(chocolate_cake[1:4])

This allows a range of arrays to be chosen if there are 6 arrays we just want the ones from 1 to 4 not all the ones from 0 to 6

print(chocolate_cake)

This calls the list

drink = ["water", "soft drinks", "milk", "juices"] #another list

chocolate_cake.extend(drink)
print(chocolate_cake)

This command allows both the two lists to merge with one and other

chocolate_cake.append("alcoholic drinks")
print(chocolate_cake)

This command is used to add another array

chocolate_cake.insert(7, "sparkling water")
print(chocolate_cake)

This command is used to insert an array anywhere in the list

chocolate_cake.remove("water")
print(chocolate_cake)

This command just easily removes a certain array that you choose

chocolate_cake.clear()
print(chocolate_cake)

This command clears the whole list

chocolate_cake.pop()
print(chocolate_cake)

This command removes the last array from the list

print(chocolate_cake.index("butter"))

This checks weather the array is in or not in the list and also tells us which index notation it is in

print(chocolate_cake.index("cheese"))

If the array isn't in the list it will through an error

print(chocolate_cake.count("milk"))

This counts how many times an array is in the list and the number in this case should be two

print(chocolate_cake.sort())

This arranges the list in a sort of manner that the first alphabet of each array is used and put in ascending alphabetical order. This also works for numbers and again in ascending order

print(chocolate_cake.reverse())

This just turns the list around so the last array will be come the first and vice versa

chocolate_cake2 = chocolate_cake.copy()
print(chocolate_cake2)

This just simply copies the list

Bibliography:

-->https://www.sccollege.edu/Departments/upwardboundms/SiteAssets/Pages/Computer- Science-/chapter5and6.pdf

-->https://www.javatpoint.com/java-string

-->https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/understanding-lists-in-python-

PYTHON BASIC SUMMARY

1st Topic: VARIABLES & DATA TYPES

2nd Topic: STRINGS

3rd Topic: THE USE OF FUNCTIONS

4th Topic: WORKING WITH NUMBERS

5th Topic: LIST FUNCTION

Grepper

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