▪ X-Axis: Horizontal Duplication and Cloning of services and data

▪ Y-Axis: Functional Decomposition and Segmentation –Microservices

▪ Z-Axis: Service and Data Partitioning along Customer Boundaries - Shards/Pods

▪ Functional decomposition can be achieved by decoupling your architecture into functions with Y-axis.

▪ Microservices is an example for functional decomposing.

▪ Y-axis scaling splits the application into multiple, different services.

▪ Combining both X and Y-Axis scaling with microservices

architecture can give better scalability.

https://microservices.io/articles/scalecube.html