Rebooting - Data on Instance Store Volume is preserved but RAM is erased. There are no changes in billing by the hour.

IP addresses (Private, Elastic and Public) are all retained.

Stopping and Hybernating are only possible on EBS Backed instances

When stopping instances we are not charged for the stopped instances - but we are charged for the EBS volumes.

Data is erased from Instance Store Volume, as well from RAM.

Private IP address (and Elastic ones) are retained, while public IP is released.

Hybernating, similar behaviour to Stopping but contents of RAM are saved to EBS volume. Apply to on-demand or reserved Linux instances.

When restarted after hybernation RAM content is reloaded, EBS volume is restored and processes are resumed.

Terminating means deleting an instance, Data is erased, RAM is erased, Volume is deleted. No more charges whatsoever. Instance can't be recovered.