AWS Nitro System is the underlying platform for the next generation of EC2 Instances.

It improves performance, security and innovation.

Performance are close to bare metal.

Its benefits are

Higher network performance

High Performance Computing optimizations

Dense Storage instance options but it does not make an instance have higher availability.

Its key features are:

Nitro Security Chip

Nitro Card

Nitro Hypervisor

Nitro TPM (rusted Platform Module)

Nitro Enclaves provide isolated compute environments, it runs on isolated and hardened virtual machines.

Nitro Enclaves have No persistent storage, interactive access or external networking.

They use cryptographic attestation to ensure only authorised code is running and integrates KMS.

For these reasons they are useful to protect and process securely highly sensitive data like PII ( Personally identifiable information), health-care, financial or intellectual property data).

Not all instance types run on Nitro system, so this is something to be taken into account when choosing on what type of instance we want our application to run, based on the requirements.