Briefly, AMQP is made up of Exchanges, Queues, and Bindings:

Exchanges are like post offices or mailboxes and clients publish a message to an AMQP exchange. There are four built-in exchange types

Direct Exchange – Routes messages to a queue by matching a complete routing key

Fanout Exchange – Routes messages to all the queues bound to it

Topic Exchange – Routes messages to multiple queues by matching a routing key to a pattern

Headers Exchange – Routes messages based on message headers

Queues are bound to an exchange using a routing key

Messages are sent to an exchange with a routing key. The exchange then distributes copies of messages to queues