In Java, memory management is primarily handled through garbage collection. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) automatically allocates memory when objects are created and reclaims it when they are no longer needed. This automatic process is both a blessing and a challenge for developers, especially in low-latency environments.

Garbage collection in Java works in phases:

Marking: The GC identifies which objects are still in use.

Normal Deleting (Optional): Removes unreferenced objects.

Compacting (Optional): Moves live objects together to prevent memory fragmentation. 

https://medium.com/stackademic/optimizing-java-for-low-latency-applications-803e181d0add